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class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt><img class=\"\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/file.youlai.cn\/cnkfile1\/M02\/BC\/73\/52D3C12FD441CF3AD6FADC2366B4BC73.jpg\"><\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">\n <div class=\"list-flex\"><strong class=\"mar-r8\">王春<\/strong><span><span class=\"doc-expert\">百科字典专家组<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div><span class=\"mar-r8\">中国医科大学附属第一医院<\/span><br><span>心脏外科<\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n 辽宁省医学会心血管外科分会委员兼秘书、中国医师协会冠心病外科委员会委员、中国医师协会心衰外科委员会委员 <\/div>\n <\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n <div class=\"height8\"><\/div>\n \n <div style=\" height: 1.92rem;\">\n <div class=\"loading-box\"><span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"fix-nav-one box-max-width\" style=\"opacity: 0;\">\n \n <div id=\"fixNav\" class=\"nav-swiper\">\n <div class=\"swiper-nav swiper-container gallery-thumbs\">\n <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">概述<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">病因<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">症状<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">就医<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">治疗<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">预后<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">饮食<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">护理<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">预防<\/a> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <div id=\"yyContent\" class=\"swiper-container gallery-top\" style=\"opacity: 0;\">\n <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">概述 <\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n\n\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房又称共同心房，是一种罕见的先天性心脏病，是部分房室隔缺损的一种特殊类型，发病率0.1%。系胚胎发育期房间隔的第1隔和第2隔均未发育所致。正常的左右心房之间存在房间隔分离，单心房时患者左心房和右心房之间不存在间隔，导致只有一个心房存在，从而引起血流动力学发生改变，导致症状的出现。单纯单心房患者若治疗及时，大多患者预后良好。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p><img src=\"https:\/\/file.youlai.cn\/cnkfile1\/M02\/EA\/E9\/6A5774CD24AAF4EB48C7F9AFD5D5EAE9.jpg\"><\/p >\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"diss-list name-val\" data-id=\"9\">\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\" >\n <dt>就诊科室：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\"> 心血管内科、呼吸内科、心脏外科<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>是否医保：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">是<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>英文名称：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\"> Single atrium<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>疾病别称：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">二室三腔心、共同心房<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>是否常见：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">否<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>是否遗传：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">否<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>并发疾病：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">感染性心内膜炎、细菌性脑脓肿、心力衰竭<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n \n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>治疗周期：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">短期治疗<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>临床症状：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">发绀、呼吸困难、杵状指<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>好发人群：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">父母患有单心房者、父母近亲结婚者，内脏转位畸形者、母孕期化学环境暴露、存在高危疾病及药物服用史、营养状态不良者<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>常用药物：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">大庆霉素、异丙肾上腺素、氢氯噻嗪<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n \n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>常用检查：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">血常规检查、血生化、心电图、X线检查、超声心动图<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">病因<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"name-val\" data-id=\"24\" ><\/div>\n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房作为一种先天性心脏病，疾病的发生和遗传因素及母孕期暴露因素有关。由于上述因素的存在，导致心血管系统在发育过程中发育畸形，出现单心房。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"25\">主要病因<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>遗传因素<\/h3><p>单心房具有一定遗传倾向，据统计如果家族中存在单心房患者，后代中患有单心房的概率较常人高。<\/p><h3>父母近亲结婚<\/h3><p>据统计，近亲结婚者后代发生单心房的概率，远高于父母非近亲结婚者。<\/p><h3>母孕期暴露因素<\/h3><h4>化学环境暴露<\/h4><p>母孕期间生活环境中NO、NO2、SO2等暴露均可能会增加胎儿单心房的可能。<\/p><h4>母亲孕期感染<\/h4><p>母亲孕期如果受到风疹、柯萨奇等病毒感染可能会增加胎儿单心房发生的可能性。<\/p><h4>母亲孕期营养因素<\/h4><p>母孕期营养因素是胎儿心脏发育的关键因素，母孕期间营养不良会增加胎儿单心房发生的概率。<\/p><h4>母亲孕期其他因素<\/h4><p>母孕期间羊膜病变、接触放射性物质、孕时年龄过大等也会增加胎儿单心房的发生可能。<\/p> <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"18\">流行病学<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房较为少见，据统计单心房的发病率在所有先天性心脏病中占比约0.1%左右，发病率在男女之间并无性别差异。<\/p> <\/div>\n\n\n \n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"29\">好发人群<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>父母患有单心房者。<\/p><\/li><li><p>内脏转位畸形者。<\/p><\/li><li><p>母孕期存在化学环境暴露、存在高危疾病及药物服用史、营养状态不良者。<\/p><\/li><li><p>父母为近亲结婚者。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n \n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">症状<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"name-val\" data-id=\"34\" ><\/div>\n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text name-val \">\n <p>大多数病人在出生时即可出现呼吸困难，进而出现发绀，发绀随着患者的年龄增长逐渐加重，同时患者较易发生呼吸道感染，并伴有心悸、杵状指等症状。<\/p> <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"35\">典型症状<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>呼吸困难<\/h3><p>多数患者在出生后即出现呼吸困难，同时由于组织缺氧，患者体力和活动耐量均较同龄人差，易疲乏。呼吸困难严重时，可出现缺氧发作，意识丧失或者晕厥。<\/p><h3>发绀<\/h3><p>首发发绀症状一般在指甲、嘴唇等毛细血管丰富的区域，呈现出受累部位呈青紫色改变。<\/p><h3>杵状指<\/h3><p>常见于单心房的儿童，由于长期肢端末端供氧不足，出现手指及脚趾的末端膨大。<\/p> <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"47\">其他症状<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房患者还可伴有各种类型的心律失常、频发呼吸道感染，严重者还可出现心力衰竭。<br\/><\/p> <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"49\">并发症<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>感染性心内膜炎<\/h3><p>由于单心房患儿心脏内存在异常通道，使血流动力学改变，容易形成赘生物而引发感染性心内膜炎。<\/p><h3>细菌性脑脓肿<\/h3><p>多在感染性心内膜炎的基础上，菌栓脱落至脑部血管后，引起脑部脓肿的形成。<\/p><h3>肺栓塞<\/h3><p>肺栓塞的发生也和患者特殊的血流动力学状态有关，患者发生肺栓塞时，可表现为突发的胸痛及呼吸困难。<\/p><h3>心力衰竭<\/h3><p>由于单心房患者的血流动力学状态较为混乱，可发生充血性心力衰竭。<\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">就医<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房是一种先天性心脏疾病，该疾病可以危及患儿的生命健康。因此，该疾病的早发现、早诊断、早治疗对于患者的存活时间和生活质量的改善，具有很重要的意义。当患儿出现呼吸困难，进而出现发绀，并伴有心悸、杵状指等症状时，应立即就医检查。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"54\">就医指征<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>当患者出现以下症状时应立即就医：<\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>出现呼吸困难，可表现为患者易疲乏、常发生憋喘。<\/p><\/li><li><p>出现发绀，常表现为指甲及嘴唇的青紫。<\/p><\/li><li><p>反复发生呼吸道感染。<\/p><\/li><li><p>经常有心悸感，甚至发生晕厥。<\/p><\/li><li><p>出现杵状指的症状。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"55\">就诊科室<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>如果患者以心律失常、感染性心内膜炎就医，则建议患者首先去心血管内科，之后前往心胸外科手术。<\/p><\/li><li><p>如果患者以呼吸道感染就医，则建议患者首先去呼吸内科，之后再去往心胸外科手术。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"56\">医生询问病情<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>发绀出现的时间、部位及加重情况？<\/p><\/li><li><p>目前都有什么症状？（如心悸、活动耐量降低等）<\/p><\/li><li><p>是否有以下症状？（如反复发作呼吸道感染等症状）<\/p><\/li><li><p>父母及家族直系亲属中是否存在先天性心脏病？<\/p><\/li><li><p>母亲在怀孕期间所从事的工作及孕期得过的疾病是什么？<\/p><\/li><li><p>母亲在怀孕期间是否营养不良？<\/p><\/li><li><p>父母是否为亲属关系？<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"57\">需要做的检查<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>X线检查<\/h3><p>可以通过X线检查判断患者的心影大小、肺血情况，为患者的诊断提供依据。<\/p><h3>心电图<\/h3><p>既可以检查患者的心脏肥厚情况，又可以识别各种类型的心律失常。<\/p><h3>超声心动图<\/h3><p>超声心动图可以直观的看到心脏动态运动情况及结构，单心房患者可见两房之间，房间隔回声完全消失，超声心动图对患者的单心房具有诊断意义。<\/p><h3>右心导管检查<\/h3><p>右心导管检查可检测出患者是否出现左右心房之间压力阶差完全消失，肺动脉压力明显升高的现象。<\/p><h3>血常规检查<\/h3><p>可以对患者的发绀程度提供实验室检查依据。<\/p><h3>血生化检查<\/h3><p>评估患者个器官系统的基本功能状态。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"59\">诊断标准<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>超声多切面探查未见房间隔回声。<\/p><\/li><li><p>舒张期可见心房内红色血流束，分别通过二尖瓣口及三尖瓣口同时射向左心室及右心室。<\/p><\/li><li><p>临床上可以在超声检查之后，根据患者的超声结果及患者的其他各项检查，对患者的单心房做出诊断。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"61\">鉴别诊断<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>房间隔缺损<\/h3><p>房间隔缺损患者可以通过超声检查，发现房间隔回声连续性中断，同时中断处可探及异常血流信号，可以以房间隔回声是否存在为鉴别点。<\/p><h3>三尖瓣闭锁<\/h3><p>可通过超声心动图确立完整节段性诊断，通过多普勒超声可见血流自右房至左心房再进入左室。M型显示三尖瓣双峰曲线消失，四腔心切面探查未见三尖瓣样回声，而单心房存在三尖瓣回声。<\/p><h3>室间隔缺损<\/h3><p>室间隔缺损表现为患者的室间隔回声连续性中断，而房间隔回声完好，以此为鉴别点，鉴别难度不大。<\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">治疗<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"name-val\" data-id=\"63\" ><\/div>\n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房属于先天性心脏病的一种，一旦确诊为此病，需及时接受手术治疗。由于患者在患有单心房病的同时，可能还会患有其他的先天性心脏疾病，因此会增大手术的难度。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"111\">治疗周期<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n 单心房患者一般为短期治疗。 <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"71\">药物治疗<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>抗生素<\/h3><p>既可以用于治疗患者频发的呼吸道感染，也可以用于术后患者伤口的抗感染，常用的药物包括庆大霉素、青霉素等。<\/p><h3>抗心律失常药物<\/h3><p>根据患者的心律失常类型，选择适合的抗心律失常药物，如异丙肾上腺素、美托洛尔等、胺碘酮等。<\/p><h3>利尿剂<\/h3><p>使用利尿剂以改善患者的术前心衰情况和术后心肌水肿情况，可以根据患者的具体情况选择氢氯噻嗪、呋塞米等各种类型利尿剂。<\/p><h3>强心药<\/h3><p>使用强心药治疗患者术前及术后可能出现的心衰情况，常用药物包括地高辛、西地兰等。<\/p><h3>抗凝药<\/h3><p>用于患者心房分隔术后，防止因异物植入造成的血栓形成，常用药物包括肝素、华法林等。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"73\">手术治疗<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房可以采取房间隔缺损修复术，一般采用涤纶补片对缺少的心房间隔进行修补。这种治疗方式，可以起到降低心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用，有效改善单心房患者的心脏功能，最终恢复正常生活。<\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">预后<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text name-val \" data-id=\"82\">\n <p>单纯单心房患者若治疗及时，大多患者预后良好，对正常的生活、工作影响不大。如若合并其他畸形，则根据合并畸形情况，预后较差。<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"85\">能否治愈<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单纯单心房患者积极治疗能治愈。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"111\">能活多久<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房患者如不经治疗，大多数患者可在5岁内死亡，目前单心房患者术后远期存活率缺乏文献报道。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"111\">复诊<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房心房分隔术后，需要患者每年进行复诊，复诊内容主要是以超声心动图为主，彩超检查看修复补片及补片周围情况。<\/p> <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">饮食<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房患者的饮食应当注意适当的限制液体的入量和术后饮食的清淡营养，加强患者的饮食护理，可以很大限度的降低患者的术后并发症，达到早日康复的目的。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"92\">饮食调理<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>限制从食物中获得的液体入量，以防止产生过多的容量负荷，减轻心脏负担，同时也可以减轻术后短时间内过多的肺血灌注。<\/p><\/li><li><p>建议进食优质蛋白和维生素含量高的食物，如鱼肉、鸡肉、苹果、梨等，促进术后伤口的恢复。<\/p><\/li><li><p>控制盐分摄入，饮食以少食多餐为主。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"detail-con-wrap\">\n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">护理<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n\n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房患者日常护理的目标为减轻心脏负担，因此护理的侧重点为保障患者的睡眠、休息质量，避免过多的体力活动。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"97\">日常护理<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>术后卧床休息，尽量减少过多的体力活动和情绪波动。<\/p><\/li><li><p>注意气温变化，及时添衣，避免感染的发生。<\/p><\/li><li><p>术后按医生医嘱定时服药。<\/p><\/li><li><p>经医生对手术恢复情况评估后，逐渐增加活动量。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"111\">心理护理<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>鼓励患儿建立治疗疾病的信心，减少悲伤、恐惧等负面心理因素的影响。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"111\">特殊注意事项<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>患者术后可能因为活动耐量的提升，自主的过快增加运动量，不利于心脏恢复，需要在专业医生的指导下，逐渐增加活动量。<\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">预防<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房的预防主要以夫妻双方为主，包括充足的孕前准备、孕期的环境及营养支持以及重点检测人群的定期检查。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"106\">预防措施<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>在怀孕前要积极可能治疗影响胎儿发育的疾病如糖尿病，同时孕期间避免感染。<\/p><\/li><li><p>在孕期要避免致畸药物的使用、有害环境的暴露、加强怀孕期间营养的支持，避免营养不良的发生。<\/p><\/li><li><p>对于重点检测人群包括高龄产妇、先心病家族史、夫妻一方存在严重疾病者，要定期检测。<\/p><\/li><li><p>避免近亲结婚。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"fabulous-wrap\">\n <div class=\"fabulous\">\n <span><\/span>\n <p><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"exuBox\" style=\"margin-top: .4rem;\">\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"yy-con-consult\">\n <h5>参考文献<\/h5>\n <div class=\"p-consult-text\">\n <p>[1]陈雨晨,朱任坚.妊娠合并先天性心脏病(单心房)一例[J].中西医结合心血管病电子杂志,2018,006(002):195.<\/p><p>[2]江声选.彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断单心室合并单心房1例[J].中国超声诊断杂志,2003,4(003):180-181.<\/p><p>[3]陈秋月,吕国荣,李伯义等.胎儿先天性心脏病产前超声检查147例分析[J].中国超声医学杂志,2008,24(10):935-938.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"swiper-btns list-flex\">\n <div class=\"list-bd swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n <div 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true;\n }else{\n return false;\n }\n }\n if (isWeiXin()){\n var time = Date.parse(new Date());\n $.ajax({\n type: 'POST',\n async: false,\n url: '\/m\/wxshareconfignew\/?' + time,\n success: function (result) { var obj = result ;\n appid = obj.data.appid;\n console.log(appid)\n timestamp = obj.data.timestamp;\n console.log(timestamp)\n noncestr = obj.data.noncestr;\n console.log(noncestr)\n signature = obj.data.signature;\n console.log(signature)\n wxshare(appid,timestamp,noncestr,signature);\n }\n });\n }\n\n function wxshare(appid,timestamp,noncestr,signature){\n wx.config({\n debug: false,\n appId: appid,\n timestamp: timestamp,\n nonceStr: noncestr,\n signature: signature,\n jsApiList: [\n 'updateAppMessageShareData',\n 'updateTimelineShareData',\n ] \/\/ 必填，需要使用的JS接口列表，所有JS接口列表见附录2\n });\n\n wx.ready(function () {\n var def_data =new Object()\n def_data.title=\"单心房\"\n def_data.desc=\"单心房又称共同心房，是一种罕见的先天性心脏病，是部分房室隔缺损的一种特殊类型，发病率0.1%。系胚胎发育期房间隔的第1隔和第2隔均未发育所致。正常的左右心房之间存在房间隔分离，单心房时患者左心房和右心房之间不存在间隔，导致只有一个心房存在，从而引起血流动力学发生改变，导致症状的出现。单纯单心房患者若治疗及时，大多患者预后良好。\"\n def_data.link=\"https:\/\/m.youlai.cn\/baike\/mdisease\/qMA61bdK2I.html\"\n def_data.imgUrl=\"https:\/\/file.youlai.cn\/cnkfile1\/M02\/AC\/6E\/B29606B321A2874E6EC779E74F19AC6E.jpg\"\n var shareContentLine ={\n title: def_data.title, \/\/ 分享标题\n link: def_data.link, \/\/ 分享链接\n imgUrl: def_data.imgUrl, \/\/ 分享图标\n success: function (res) {\n }\n };\n var shareContentMessage ={\n title: def_data.title, \/\/ 分享标题\n desc: def_data.desc,\n link: def_data.link, \/\/ 分享链接\n imgUrl: def_data.imgUrl, \/\/ 分享图标\n success: function (res) {\n }\n };\n \/\/分享朋友圈\n wx.updateTimelineShareData(shareContentLine);\n \/\/分享给朋友\n wx.updateAppMessageShareData(shareContentMessage);\n \/\/分享到QQ\n \/\/wx.onMenuShareQQ(shareContentMessage);\n \/\/分享到QQ空间\n \/\/wx.onMenuShareQZone(shareContentLine);\n });\n 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"\n\n\n \n \n 单心房-有来医生<\/title>\n <meta name=\" 有来医生\" content=\"\">\n <meta name=\" 有来医生\" content=\"\">\n <meta content=\"always\" name=\"referrer\">\n <meta name=\"ip-enabled\" content=\"true\">\n <meta content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no\" name=\"viewport\">\n <meta name=\"data-department\" content=\"26\">\n <meta name=\"data-disease\" content=\"单心房\">\n <script src=\"https:\/\/static.youlai.cn\/js\/newcommon\/javascript\/jquery1.11.1.min.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script>\n <script src=\"https:\/\/static.youlai.cn\/js\/newcommon\/wap\/common.js?v20230417\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script>\n <link href=\"https:\/\/static.youlai.cn\/css\/newcommon\/wap\/common.rem.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text\/css\">\n <link href=\"\/baike\/mdisease\/static\/css\/newcommon\/swiper\/swiper5.4.1.min.css?v1.0\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text\/css\">\n\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" 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href='\/cse\/search?q=\"+title+\"++\"+medical_title+\"++\"+hospital_name+\"'>\"+title+\" \"+medical_title+\" \"+hospital_name+\"<\/a><\/button>\";\n bdtext +=\"<div class=\\\"sug-searchicon\\\"><\/div>\";\n bdtext +=\"<\/div>\";\n }else{\n bdtext +=\" <div class=\\\"sug\\\">\";\n bdtext +=\"<button><a href='\/cse\/search?q=\"+title+\"'>\"+title+\"<\/a><\/button>\";\n bdtext +=\"<div class=\\\"sug-searchicon\\\"><\/div>\";\n bdtext +=\"<\/div>\";\n }\n\n }\n\n });\n }\n if(bdtext){\n $(\".suggest-div\").show();\n $(\"#bdtext\").append(bdtext);\n }\n },\n error: function() {\n \/\/ alert(\"出错了！\");\n }\n });\n\n }\n\n <\/script>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"maskBlack\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n <div class=\"siteMap\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <div class=\"mapNav\"><h3>导航<\/h3><span class=\"mapClick\"><i><\/i><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"mapNavList clear\">\n <a href=\"\/\/m.youlai.cn\/toutiao\/\" class=\"cur icon_03\">有来头条<\/a>\n <a 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class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt><img class=\"\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/file.youlai.cn\/cnkfile1\/M02\/BC\/73\/52D3C12FD441CF3AD6FADC2366B4BC73.jpg\"><\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">\n <div class=\"list-flex\"><strong class=\"mar-r8\">王春<\/strong><span><span class=\"doc-expert\">百科字典专家组<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n <div><span class=\"mar-r8\">中国医科大学附属第一医院<\/span><br><span>心脏外科<\/span><\/div>\n <div>\n 辽宁省医学会心血管外科分会委员兼秘书、中国医师协会冠心病外科委员会委员、中国医师协会心衰外科委员会委员 <\/div>\n <\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n\n <div class=\"height8\"><\/div>\n \n <div style=\" height: 1.92rem;\">\n <div class=\"loading-box\"><span><\/span><\/div>\n <div class=\"fix-nav-one box-max-width\" style=\"opacity: 0;\">\n \n <div id=\"fixNav\" class=\"nav-swiper\">\n <div class=\"swiper-nav swiper-container gallery-thumbs\">\n <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">概述<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">病因<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">症状<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">就医<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">治疗<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">预后<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">饮食<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">护理<\/a> <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\"> <a href=\"javascript:;\">预防<\/a> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <div id=\"yyContent\" class=\"swiper-container gallery-top\" style=\"opacity: 0;\">\n <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">概述 <\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n\n\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房又称共同心房，是一种罕见的先天性心脏病，是部分房室隔缺损的一种特殊类型，发病率0.1%。系胚胎发育期房间隔的第1隔和第2隔均未发育所致。正常的左右心房之间存在房间隔分离，单心房时患者左心房和右心房之间不存在间隔，导致只有一个心房存在，从而引起血流动力学发生改变，导致症状的出现。单纯单心房患者若治疗及时，大多患者预后良好。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p><img src=\"https:\/\/file.youlai.cn\/cnkfile1\/M02\/EA\/E9\/6A5774CD24AAF4EB48C7F9AFD5D5EAE9.jpg\"><\/p >\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"diss-list name-val\" data-id=\"9\">\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\" >\n <dt>就诊科室：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\"> 心血管内科、呼吸内科、心脏外科<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>是否医保：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">是<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>英文名称：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\"> Single atrium<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>疾病别称：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">二室三腔心、共同心房<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>是否常见：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">否<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>是否遗传：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">否<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>并发疾病：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">感染性心内膜炎、细菌性脑脓肿、心力衰竭<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n \n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>治疗周期：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">短期治疗<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>临床症状：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">发绀、呼吸困难、杵状指<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>好发人群：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">父母患有单心房者、父母近亲结婚者，内脏转位畸形者、母孕期化学环境暴露、存在高危疾病及药物服用史、营养状态不良者<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n\n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>常用药物：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">大庆霉素、异丙肾上腺素、氢氯噻嗪<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n \n <dl class=\"list-flex-top\">\n <dt>常用检查：<\/dt>\n <dd class=\"list-bd\">血常规检查、血生化、心电图、X线检查、超声心动图<\/dd>\n <\/dl>\n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">病因<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"name-val\" data-id=\"24\" ><\/div>\n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房作为一种先天性心脏病，疾病的发生和遗传因素及母孕期暴露因素有关。由于上述因素的存在，导致心血管系统在发育过程中发育畸形，出现单心房。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"25\">主要病因<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>遗传因素<\/h3><p>单心房具有一定遗传倾向，据统计如果家族中存在单心房患者，后代中患有单心房的概率较常人高。<\/p><h3>父母近亲结婚<\/h3><p>据统计，近亲结婚者后代发生单心房的概率，远高于父母非近亲结婚者。<\/p><h3>母孕期暴露因素<\/h3><h4>化学环境暴露<\/h4><p>母孕期间生活环境中NO、NO2、SO2等暴露均可能会增加胎儿单心房的可能。<\/p><h4>母亲孕期感染<\/h4><p>母亲孕期如果受到风疹、柯萨奇等病毒感染可能会增加胎儿单心房发生的可能性。<\/p><h4>母亲孕期营养因素<\/h4><p>母孕期营养因素是胎儿心脏发育的关键因素，母孕期间营养不良会增加胎儿单心房发生的概率。<\/p><h4>母亲孕期其他因素<\/h4><p>母孕期间羊膜病变、接触放射性物质、孕时年龄过大等也会增加胎儿单心房的发生可能。<\/p> <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"18\">流行病学<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房较为少见，据统计单心房的发病率在所有先天性心脏病中占比约0.1%左右，发病率在男女之间并无性别差异。<\/p> <\/div>\n\n\n \n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"29\">好发人群<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>父母患有单心房者。<\/p><\/li><li><p>内脏转位畸形者。<\/p><\/li><li><p>母孕期存在化学环境暴露、存在高危疾病及药物服用史、营养状态不良者。<\/p><\/li><li><p>父母为近亲结婚者。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n \n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">症状<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"name-val\" data-id=\"34\" ><\/div>\n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text name-val \">\n <p>大多数病人在出生时即可出现呼吸困难，进而出现发绀，发绀随着患者的年龄增长逐渐加重，同时患者较易发生呼吸道感染，并伴有心悸、杵状指等症状。<\/p> <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"35\">典型症状<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>呼吸困难<\/h3><p>多数患者在出生后即出现呼吸困难，同时由于组织缺氧，患者体力和活动耐量均较同龄人差，易疲乏。呼吸困难严重时，可出现缺氧发作，意识丧失或者晕厥。<\/p><h3>发绀<\/h3><p>首发发绀症状一般在指甲、嘴唇等毛细血管丰富的区域，呈现出受累部位呈青紫色改变。<\/p><h3>杵状指<\/h3><p>常见于单心房的儿童，由于长期肢端末端供氧不足，出现手指及脚趾的末端膨大。<\/p> <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"47\">其他症状<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房患者还可伴有各种类型的心律失常、频发呼吸道感染，严重者还可出现心力衰竭。<br\/><\/p> <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"49\">并发症<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>感染性心内膜炎<\/h3><p>由于单心房患儿心脏内存在异常通道，使血流动力学改变，容易形成赘生物而引发感染性心内膜炎。<\/p><h3>细菌性脑脓肿<\/h3><p>多在感染性心内膜炎的基础上，菌栓脱落至脑部血管后，引起脑部脓肿的形成。<\/p><h3>肺栓塞<\/h3><p>肺栓塞的发生也和患者特殊的血流动力学状态有关，患者发生肺栓塞时，可表现为突发的胸痛及呼吸困难。<\/p><h3>心力衰竭<\/h3><p>由于单心房患者的血流动力学状态较为混乱，可发生充血性心力衰竭。<\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">就医<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房是一种先天性心脏疾病，该疾病可以危及患儿的生命健康。因此，该疾病的早发现、早诊断、早治疗对于患者的存活时间和生活质量的改善，具有很重要的意义。当患儿出现呼吸困难，进而出现发绀，并伴有心悸、杵状指等症状时，应立即就医检查。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"54\">就医指征<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>当患者出现以下症状时应立即就医：<\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>出现呼吸困难，可表现为患者易疲乏、常发生憋喘。<\/p><\/li><li><p>出现发绀，常表现为指甲及嘴唇的青紫。<\/p><\/li><li><p>反复发生呼吸道感染。<\/p><\/li><li><p>经常有心悸感，甚至发生晕厥。<\/p><\/li><li><p>出现杵状指的症状。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"55\">就诊科室<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>如果患者以心律失常、感染性心内膜炎就医，则建议患者首先去心血管内科，之后前往心胸外科手术。<\/p><\/li><li><p>如果患者以呼吸道感染就医，则建议患者首先去呼吸内科，之后再去往心胸外科手术。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"56\">医生询问病情<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>发绀出现的时间、部位及加重情况？<\/p><\/li><li><p>目前都有什么症状？（如心悸、活动耐量降低等）<\/p><\/li><li><p>是否有以下症状？（如反复发作呼吸道感染等症状）<\/p><\/li><li><p>父母及家族直系亲属中是否存在先天性心脏病？<\/p><\/li><li><p>母亲在怀孕期间所从事的工作及孕期得过的疾病是什么？<\/p><\/li><li><p>母亲在怀孕期间是否营养不良？<\/p><\/li><li><p>父母是否为亲属关系？<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"57\">需要做的检查<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>X线检查<\/h3><p>可以通过X线检查判断患者的心影大小、肺血情况，为患者的诊断提供依据。<\/p><h3>心电图<\/h3><p>既可以检查患者的心脏肥厚情况，又可以识别各种类型的心律失常。<\/p><h3>超声心动图<\/h3><p>超声心动图可以直观的看到心脏动态运动情况及结构，单心房患者可见两房之间，房间隔回声完全消失，超声心动图对患者的单心房具有诊断意义。<\/p><h3>右心导管检查<\/h3><p>右心导管检查可检测出患者是否出现左右心房之间压力阶差完全消失，肺动脉压力明显升高的现象。<\/p><h3>血常规检查<\/h3><p>可以对患者的发绀程度提供实验室检查依据。<\/p><h3>血生化检查<\/h3><p>评估患者个器官系统的基本功能状态。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"59\">诊断标准<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>超声多切面探查未见房间隔回声。<\/p><\/li><li><p>舒张期可见心房内红色血流束，分别通过二尖瓣口及三尖瓣口同时射向左心室及右心室。<\/p><\/li><li><p>临床上可以在超声检查之后，根据患者的超声结果及患者的其他各项检查，对患者的单心房做出诊断。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"61\">鉴别诊断<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>房间隔缺损<\/h3><p>房间隔缺损患者可以通过超声检查，发现房间隔回声连续性中断，同时中断处可探及异常血流信号，可以以房间隔回声是否存在为鉴别点。<\/p><h3>三尖瓣闭锁<\/h3><p>可通过超声心动图确立完整节段性诊断，通过多普勒超声可见血流自右房至左心房再进入左室。M型显示三尖瓣双峰曲线消失，四腔心切面探查未见三尖瓣样回声，而单心房存在三尖瓣回声。<\/p><h3>室间隔缺损<\/h3><p>室间隔缺损表现为患者的室间隔回声连续性中断，而房间隔回声完好，以此为鉴别点，鉴别难度不大。<\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">治疗<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"name-val\" data-id=\"63\" ><\/div>\n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房属于先天性心脏病的一种，一旦确诊为此病，需及时接受手术治疗。由于患者在患有单心房病的同时，可能还会患有其他的先天性心脏疾病，因此会增大手术的难度。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"111\">治疗周期<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n 单心房患者一般为短期治疗。 <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"71\">药物治疗<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <h3>抗生素<\/h3><p>既可以用于治疗患者频发的呼吸道感染，也可以用于术后患者伤口的抗感染，常用的药物包括庆大霉素、青霉素等。<\/p><h3>抗心律失常药物<\/h3><p>根据患者的心律失常类型，选择适合的抗心律失常药物，如异丙肾上腺素、美托洛尔等、胺碘酮等。<\/p><h3>利尿剂<\/h3><p>使用利尿剂以改善患者的术前心衰情况和术后心肌水肿情况，可以根据患者的具体情况选择氢氯噻嗪、呋塞米等各种类型利尿剂。<\/p><h3>强心药<\/h3><p>使用强心药治疗患者术前及术后可能出现的心衰情况，常用药物包括地高辛、西地兰等。<\/p><h3>抗凝药<\/h3><p>用于患者心房分隔术后，防止因异物植入造成的血栓形成，常用药物包括肝素、华法林等。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"73\">手术治疗<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房可以采取房间隔缺损修复术，一般采用涤纶补片对缺少的心房间隔进行修补。这种治疗方式，可以起到降低心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用，有效改善单心房患者的心脏功能，最终恢复正常生活。<\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">预后<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text name-val \" data-id=\"82\">\n <p>单纯单心房患者若治疗及时，大多患者预后良好，对正常的生活、工作影响不大。如若合并其他畸形，则根据合并畸形情况，预后较差。<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"85\">能否治愈<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单纯单心房患者积极治疗能治愈。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"111\">能活多久<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房患者如不经治疗，大多数患者可在5岁内死亡，目前单心房患者术后远期存活率缺乏文献报道。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"111\">复诊<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房心房分隔术后，需要患者每年进行复诊，复诊内容主要是以超声心动图为主，彩超检查看修复补片及补片周围情况。<\/p> <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">饮食<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房患者的饮食应当注意适当的限制液体的入量和术后饮食的清淡营养，加强患者的饮食护理，可以很大限度的降低患者的术后并发症，达到早日康复的目的。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"92\">饮食调理<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>限制从食物中获得的液体入量，以防止产生过多的容量负荷，减轻心脏负担，同时也可以减轻术后短时间内过多的肺血灌注。<\/p><\/li><li><p>建议进食优质蛋白和维生素含量高的食物，如鱼肉、鸡肉、苹果、梨等，促进术后伤口的恢复。<\/p><\/li><li><p>控制盐分摄入，饮食以少食多餐为主。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"detail-con-wrap\">\n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">护理<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n\n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房患者日常护理的目标为减轻心脏负担，因此护理的侧重点为保障患者的睡眠、休息质量，避免过多的体力活动。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"97\">日常护理<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>术后卧床休息，尽量减少过多的体力活动和情绪波动。<\/p><\/li><li><p>注意气温变化，及时添衣，避免感染的发生。<\/p><\/li><li><p>术后按医生医嘱定时服药。<\/p><\/li><li><p>经医生对手术恢复情况评估后，逐渐增加活动量。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"111\">心理护理<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>鼓励患儿建立治疗疾病的信心，减少悲伤、恐惧等负面心理因素的影响。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"111\">特殊注意事项<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>患者术后可能因为活动耐量的提升，自主的过快增加运动量，不利于心脏恢复，需要在专业医生的指导下，逐渐增加活动量。<\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n \n <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\n <div data-id=\"\" class=\"yy-con-li\">\n <div class=\"yyContent-title list-flex\"><div class=\"yy-title\">预防<\/div><i><\/i><\/div>\n \n <div class=\"\">\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n \n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"v_input\" data-display=\"hidden\" data-video=\"\" data-pic=\"\">\n \n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <p>单心房的预防主要以夫妻双方为主，包括充足的孕前准备、孕期的环境及营养支持以及重点检测人群的定期检查。<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"title-2\" data-id=\"106\">预防措施<\/div>\n <div class=\"p-text\">\n <ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><li><p>在怀孕前要积极可能治疗影响胎儿发育的疾病如糖尿病，同时孕期间避免感染。<\/p><\/li><li><p>在孕期要避免致畸药物的使用、有害环境的暴露、加强怀孕期间营养的支持，避免营养不良的发生。<\/p><\/li><li><p>对于重点检测人群包括高龄产妇、先心病家族史、夫妻一方存在严重疾病者，要定期检测。<\/p><\/li><li><p>避免近亲结婚。<\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"fabulous-wrap\">\n <div class=\"fabulous\">\n <span><\/span>\n <p><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div id=\"exuBox\" style=\"margin-top: .4rem;\">\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"yy-con-consult\">\n <h5>参考文献<\/h5>\n <div class=\"p-consult-text\">\n <p>[1]陈雨晨,朱任坚.妊娠合并先天性心脏病(单心房)一例[J].中西医结合心血管病电子杂志,2018,006(002):195.<\/p><p>[2]江声选.彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断单心室合并单心房1例[J].中国超声诊断杂志,2003,4(003):180-181.<\/p><p>[3]陈秋月,吕国荣,李伯义等.胎儿先天性心脏病产前超声检查147例分析[J].中国超声医学杂志,2008,24(10):935-938.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"swiper-btns list-flex\">\n <div class=\"list-bd swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n <div 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